ADP-based intelligent frequency control via adaptive virtual inertia emulation

This paper proposes a novel virtual inertia controller for converters in power systems, which can solve the system's nonlinearity frequency support. First, system dynamics are formulated as nonlinear state-space, reciprocal of is modeled control input. Correspondingly, cost function defined by considering deviation and rate change frequency, preserve tradeoff between critical limits respective energy. Following, optimal regulation problem solved using an online adaptive dynamic programming method, where actor critic neural networks constructed to approximate input function, respectively. After that, small-signal analysis provided identify stability converter under proposed controller. Finally, simulation results verify that response significantly improved, while retaining more DC side